Tag: repair

  • Tool Day: Nothing Beats a Good Scale

    Ink “uptake” is the term we use to describe how much ink is drawn into a pen’s reservoir when you fill it. While knowing theThis Vacumatic maxima holds a whopping 1.96 mL of ink! ink capacity of a pen is good, for a repair person, knowing it’s uptake is better. A pen with a capacity of 0.75 milliliter (mL) should draw in about that much ink. If you can measure how much ink actually gets drawn in, that is an important first step in diagnosing any number of problems (which are fodder for a future post). For many repair technicians, one of the final steps in approving a pen’s successful repair is to test the filling system.

    So, what is the best way to test a pen’s ink uptake?

    Many opinions, few solutions

    There are many, many ways that people test ink uptake. In a pen with a clear barrel or window, you can simply look at the level and guess. Some people will fill the pen, then watch how much is expelled when it is emptied. On fellow we met counted the drops that fell off the nib!

    In our experience there is only one reasonable and effective solution: a good digital scale.

    Why a Scale?

    There is one over-riding reason for using a scale to measure ink uptake: accuracy.

    The reason we can rely on a scale so definitively is because of physics. One mL of water weighs exactly one gram. So with ink being almost entirely water (in terms of mass), one mL of ink weighs one gram. If you zero out (tare) your scale with the empty pen on it, fill it, and put it back on the scale, you can easily see how much ink your pen has taken up.

    Considering that even a tenth of a gram takes up a fair bit of space in a sac or converter, we prefer a scale that reads to two decimals. Fortunately, they are pretty easy to find right now.

    We bought this one off Amazon (where brand names mean nothing; go by description instead), and they presently sell for less than Cdn$35. You can find similar ones in corner stores across inner city North America, thanks to the ever-increasing demand by the cannabis business (who would have thought?)

    What sort of features are good? Here are a few:

    • Rechargeable, because who wants to buy batteries?;
    • Reads to two decimals. Easily toggles between grams and ounces (which are far, far less accurate);
    • Has little covers, which can be used upside down to prevent things from rolling around;
    • The table size is medium, which means it can be used for other things.

    Which other things, you may ask?

    • Baking (especially salt quantities);
    • Weighing out small amounts of epoxy;
    • Soap & cosmetics making;
    • Calculating postage cost (so old-fashioned!);
    • Other things you might think of.

    A good scale is one of our most-used tools, used for every repair job. While not often mentioned in connection with pen repairs, one should be on every bench.

  • Talc and Asbestos

    For over a century talc has been used as a standard dry lubricant for rubber fountain pen sacs. The slippery mineral dust helps to protect the sac from friction damage when it is depressed by a pressure bar. This lubrication is also essential for Parker Vacumatics and other pens where a sac is folded in on itself; rubber sticks to itself, and the mechanisms of these pens simply do not work without lubrication.

    Talcum Powder
    Talcum Powder

    In recent years there has been a great deal of attention given to the possibility of asbestos content in talc products. Asbestos is often found in the same deposits as talc (http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/mra.v8i5.2097), and has been proven to be a carcinogen (cancer-causing). While there are cosmetic-grade talcs, it is recommended that any talc without reputable certification as asbestos-free be assumed hazardous (Asbestos in Talc Powders and Soapstone – the Present State [2007]).

    I like my lungs. And suddenly the little puff of white coming out of a lever slit after you have replaced a sac feels ominous, instead of satisfying. None of the talc suppliers I have contacted seem able to provide information about sources, or safety. So, following the excellent advice of the German government (see link above), Restorers Art is immediately discontinuing the use of talc as a sac lubricant.

    An Excellent Alternative

    All this being said, there is good news! There is an excellent alternative dry sac lubricant.

    The Ka'bah-e Zardusht
    The Ka’bah-e Zardusht, a lifetime supply of chalk–if demolished.

    The personal care industry turned to the use of vegetable starches, like corn starch, as an alternative to talc. We investigated that as an option. We found the particle size too large, and starches turn gummy if wet, which is a terrible quality for our application (think pen leak here: eeeew!)

    We have, however, found an excellent alternative: precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This is a powdered chalk produced from limestone, and has been used for centuries in bookbinding and shoemaking. Particle size ranges from 0.2-30 μm (compared to talc at 0.2-100 μm). The “precipitated” description means that the chalk has been purified and contains nothing but CaCO3.

    We have done our own experimenting (the best kind!) and created a slurry of CaCO3 in filtered water. We let the water evaporate, then tested the newly dried CaCO3. The wetting-drying cycle did not seem to affect the lubricating quality of the lubricant in any way. Which for us is a big win! It does not dissolve in water, but rather forms a suspension.

    This slurry has a pH of about 9.0, which is alkaline. This is actually good for us, because the interior of a pen is damaged far less by alkaline conditions than acidic. (As an example, steel pressure bars, buttons, springs, or nibs will rust very quickly in acid fumes, and even corrode right away when bathed in acid. Alkali won’t affect these materials this way.)

    Another advantage is that CaCO3 is inexpensive, and fairly easily available. And a 100 gram bag will be enough to last for years of new sacs.

    While the chances of contracting cancer from a bit of talc in a fountain pen may be minimal, we like to play it safe. CaCO3 is a cheap, effective, and available alternative. So why not choose safe? After all, with all the nasty chemicals out there, there is nothing wrong with making sure the pens we carry with us, and use every day, are the safest things around!